Error handling is a crucial aspect of writing robust and reliable code. In Ruby, exception handling provides a mechanism to gracefully handle and recover from errors during program execution. In this article, we will explore exception handling in Ruby, understand how to handle errors using begin–rescue blocks, and discuss best practices for effective error handling. We’ll cover key concepts and provide code examples to illustrate exception handling in Ruby.
In Ruby, exceptions are objects that represent exceptional or erroneous conditions that can occur during program execution. Exceptions are raised when errors or exceptional situations arise, and they can be handled using begin–rescue blocks.
The basic syntax for exception handling in Ruby is as follows:
begin # Code that may raise an exception rescue SomeExceptionClass => exception_variable # Code to handle the exception end In this code structure, the begin block contains the code that might raise an exception. If an exception of type SomeExceptionClass is raised, the code inside the rescue block is executed. The exception object is assigned to the exception_variable for further processing.
Let’s see an example:
begin # Divide by zero to raise an exception result = 10 / 0 rescue ZeroDivisionError => e puts "An error occurred: #{e.message}" end In this example, we attempt to divide a number by zero, which raises a ZeroDivisionError. The rescue block catches the exception, and we print a custom error message.
You can handle multiple exceptions using separate rescue blocks or a single rescue block with multiple exception types. Here’s an example using separate rescue blocks:
begin # Code that may raise exceptions rescue SomeExceptionClass # Code to handle SomeExceptionClass rescue AnotherExceptionClass # Code to handle AnotherExceptionClass end In this example, each rescue block handles a specific exception type.
ensureThe ensure block allows you to specify code that will always execute, whether an exception occurs or not. It ensures that certain actions are taken regardless of exception handling. Here’s an example:
begin # Code that may raise an exception rescue SomeExceptionClass # Code to handle the exception ensure # Code that always executes end The code inside the ensure block will be executed regardless of whether an exception was raised or handled.
You can manually raise exceptions using the raise keyword. This allows you to indicate specific error conditions and control the flow of your program. Here’s an example:
def divide_numbers(x, y) raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot divide by zero' if y.zero? x / y end puts divide_numbers(10, 0) In this example, the divide_numbers method raises an ArgumentError if the second argument y is zero. This allows us to handle specific error conditions in our code.